Open Global Scientific Journal

Incidence and Severity of African Cassava Mosaic in Mubugu and Kalima Fields in Kalehe Territory, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

Ushindi Zihindula Victor, Deborah Mutarushwa — Mon, 12 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Background: Since cassava is a staple crop whose roots and leaves serve as a staple food in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in general and in Kalehe in particular, efforts to increase its productivity face numerous constraints, among which diseases, particularly the endemic form of mosaic disease, play a significant role.
Aims: This study aimed to assess the incidence and severity of African cassava mosaic (ACM) disease in two clusters within the Kalehe territory in order to propose potential solutions to limit its spread and proliferation.
Methods: To achieve this, surveys were conducted in 200 cassava fields. Two techniques, specifically analysis of variance and correlation analysis using Stata software, enabled us to interpret the field data.
Results: The research results showed that the level of attack by African cassava mosaic virus on cassava was high in the Kalehe territory. ACM was present in both groups. The highest incidence of ACM was 56.39% in KALIMA and 56.030% in MUBUGU. By locality, the highest incidence of ACM was 57.3% in MAFUO, MAKUTA (56.3%), and KASHEWE (56.8%), followed by MAKWE (55.99%), MUSHUNGUTI (55.99%), LUKANDO (55.99%), KABARE (55.9%), MISIMA (55.99%), CIGOMA (55. 8%), and IRANGI (55.8%), with an overall average for these 10 localities of 56.21%. In addition, all the varieties identified in the fields at Kalehe, notably NAMALE, NAMBIYO, ELONA, and SAWASAWA, were susceptible to African cassava mosaic, with relative incidences of 73.5%, 72.26%, 38.99%, and 39.06%, respectively, and a high severity level ranging from 2 to 3. There was a negative relationship between mosaic severity and variety, i.e., the lower the level of mosaic severity, the less diseased the varieties. Hence, this study highlights local varieties, even though research regularly develops and disseminates improved varieties resistant to African cassava mosaic.
Conclusion: African cassava mosaic disease showed a high incidence and severity across cassava fields in the Kalehe territory, indicating that the disease is widely distributed in the study area. All identified local cassava varieties were susceptible to the disease, highlighting the need for resistant varieties and improved disease management strategies.

Viability and Vigor of Rice (Oryza sativa) Seeds of Karya Pelalawan Variety under Salinity Stress Conditions

yudia azmi — Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

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Physicochemical Characteristics of Lotion Formulated with Moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) Seed Oil and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seed Oil

Yulyuswarni Yulyuswarni, Putri Fadhilah Aulia — Tue, 12 May 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Latar belakang:

Formulation and PhysiStability Evaluation of Herbal Liniment Containing Various Ginger Varieties (Zingiber officinale)

Bening Hanani — Mon, 12 May 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Musculoskeletal pain is a common health problem that can reduce the quality of life. Topical liniments are often used to relieve pain; however, long-term use of synthetic liniments carries a risk of skin irritation. Herbal-based liniments made from ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale) are relatively safer, provide a warming sensation, and among their biological activities are anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the physical stability of a herbal liniment with variations of ginger: red, gajah, and emprit. Three formulas were created, each containing 10% ginger extract in virgin coconut oil as a base. The evaluation was conducted over 28 days at room temperature (25 ± 2 °C), covering organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, and transferable volume. The results showed good physical stability: pH 5.00–5.66, viscosity 5.00–5.60 cP, maintained homogeneity, and volume >95%. Statistical analysis (p > 0.05) revealed no significant differences among the formulas. However, the dark brown color did not meet this standard. Conclusion: This herbal liniment is stable and has the potential to be developed as a topical preparation based on natural ingredients; however, color optimization is needed for better consumer acceptance.